![]() ![]() Notably, however, mice with inactive CPE (CPE fat/CPE fat) produce greater quantities of β-endorphin(1–31) than wild-type mice, indicating that CPE is not required for its synthesis. ![]() Carboxypeptidase-E (CPE) is also involved in the processing of POMC and with the removal of C-terminal basic residues (arginine/lysine) which are left after PC cleavage. ![]() PC-2 cleaves β-lipotropic hormone into β-endorphin and γ-lipotropic hormone. PC-1 cleaves POMC into adrenocorticotrophic hormone biosynthetic intermediate and β-lipotropic hormone. β-Endorphin and other cleavage products are produced in the multistage processing of POMC primarily involving prohormone convertases (PC) 1 and 2. β-Endorphins are produced primarily by both the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) cells primarily located in the hypothalamus. In the brain, they are considered to be both neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, as they have the ability to elicit more stable and long-lasting effects on more distant targets than typical neurotransmitters β-endorphins exhibit a notably high degree of degradation-resistance in the brain. Β-Endorphins are peptides that exert effects throughout the body. ![]()
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